Urartian

Turkey Ancient city

Ani Archaeological Site

Ani near Kars is a medieval Bagratid capital with Armenian, Seljuk and Georgian monuments on the Armenian border; a World Heritage Site since 2016.

Turkey Castle

Harput Castle

Ziata Castellum, Kharpete, Hısn-ı Ziyad, Süt Kalesi

Harput Castle in Elazığ has layers from the Urartians to the Ottomans, with rock-cut cisterns, an Artuqid palace and mosque, and a dug-up Ottoman quarter.