Alanya Castle
Karakesion, Kalonoros, Alaiye
A medieval fortress on a rock 250 m above the sea, with 6.5 km of walls, the Red Tower and the only Seljuk shipyard to survive intact; people still live inside the walls.
Civilization
Ottoman
Ancient cities
Anazarbus (Anavarza)
Anazarbos, Anazarba, Anazarbus, Caesarea, Ioustinianoupolis, Aynızarba
Anazarbus, known in Turkish as Anavarza, is a large Roman-Byzantine city of the Cilician plain near Kozan, with a colonnaded street, the Ala Kapı gate and a medieval citadel.
UNESCO
Aphrodisias
Aphrodisias, Ninoe, Stauropolis
Aphrodisias, in Karacasu, Aydın: a Carian city of Aphrodite with a 270 m stadium, a marble sculpture school and the Sebasteion, a World Heritage Site since 2017.
Assos
Assos, Apollonia, Behramkale
A city on an extinct volcano at Behramkale where Aristotle lived for three years: Anatolia's only Archaic Doric temple, city walls, agora, theatre and a sarcophagus necropolis.
UNESCO
Bursa and Cumalıkızık
Eight sites in Bursa (complexes, a khan district, tombs) and the waqf village of Cumalıkızık record the first Ottoman capital; inscribed in 2014.
UNESCO
City of Safranbolu
Safranbolu, a caravan-trade town in Karabük, keeps its Ottoman street pattern and timber-and-stone houses in the districts of Çukur, Kıranköy and Bağlar.
UNESCO
Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape
Amida, Amidi
Diyarbakır's 5.8 km of walls, Inner Castle and the Hevsel Gardens by the Tigris span Roman to Ottoman history; a World Heritage Site since 2015.
Harput Castle
Ziata Castellum, Kharpete, Hısn-ı Ziyad, Süt Kalesi
Harput Castle in Elazığ has layers from the Urartians to the Ottomans, with rock-cut cisterns, an Artuqid palace and mosque, and a dug-up Ottoman quarter.
Hasankeyf
Riskepha, Kephas, Kepha, Hasankeyf, Ḥıṣnıkeyf
Hasankeyf is an old Tigris-side town in Batman known for its rock citadel, cave dwellings and Artuqid heritage; a number of its monuments were moved to a new cultural park.
UNESCO
Historic Areas of Istanbul
Constantinople, Byzantion
Four districts of old Istanbul (Sultanahmet, Süleymaniye, Zeyrek and the land walls) make up this World Heritage site, with Hagia Sophia and the Süleymaniye.
Ishak Pasha Palace
Ishak Pasha Palace in Doğubayazıt, Ağrı, is an Ottoman palace complex begun in 1685 and finished in 1784, blending Ottoman, Seljuk and Persian features.
Miletus
Miletos, Millawanda, Milawanda, Palatia, Balat
Mother city of more than 80 colonies, capital of Ionia and home of Thales, Miletus now lies on a silted plain with its Lion Harbour, theatre and the Sacred Way to Didyma.